Kinds of Sentences
Based on Meaning
A sentence
is a group of words that makes complete sense. It consists of a subject and a
predicate.
We
classify sentences into four kinds based on the meaning they convey-assertive,
interrogative, imperative and exclamatory.
Assertive (declarative) sentences make statements. Examples are:
Her sister
is in college.
Her name is
not in the team.
Assertive sentences
may be categorized into-affirmative and Negative
Affirmative sentences have an affirmative meaning. Examples are:
They go to
school.
I am feeling
hungry.
Negative sentences
have a negative meaning. They use negative words. Examples are:
No one can predict the final outcome
He was never
interested in sports.
There is no
good playground.
Interrogative sentences
ask question. Examples are:
Do
you play tennis?
Where is the
manager?
Have you
ever seen this man?
Imperative sentences
give instructions of many kinds like order, command, request, entreaty etc.
‘You’ is the subject of the sentences. Examples are:
Stop it at
once.
Call the
witness
Please pass
the circular.
Have some
pity.
Exclamatory sentences
express strong feelings of joy, grief, warning, concern, and fear. The examples
are:
Hurrah! We have done it!
Alas! The
leader is no more!
Beware!
There is pothole in front!
Oh dear! You
have fever!
Help! There
is a thief in room!
Exercise based on lesson-1
Read the sentence and below and say whether
there are assertive, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory.
They have invited us.
What a shame!
Stop it.
She does not like knitting.
Please pass it on.
If only I could finish it in time!
This is not enough.
Nobody was happy with him.
He has only done two projects.
Is this large enough?
Oh that I were Miss Universe!
Id this story true
She was waiting for the bus.
Please note it down.
The parrot is a beautiful bird.
Lesson-2
Transformation
of sentences
The
form of a sentence can be changed without changing the meaning. This process is
called transformation of sentences.
Examples:
How
beautiful this rose is! (exclamatory sentence)
This rose is
very beautiful. (assertive sentence)
Similarly
The baby looks very cute. (assertive
sentence)
How cute the
baby looks! (exclamatory sentence)
You are very
kind. (assertive sentence)
How kind of
you! (exclamatory sentence)
And
This is his book. (assertive sentence)
Is this his
book? (interrogative sentence)
You are in
the team. (assertive sentence)
Are you in
the team? (interrogative sentence)
Exercise
based on lesson-2
Transform these exclamatory sentence into
assertive.
Ah! What a
lovely day it is!
Hush! The
baby is asleep!
Help!
Somebody is hiding behind the curtain.
Good
heavens! What a nightmarish experience it was!
Transform
these assertive sentences in exclamatory sentences.
This is indeed shameful.
It was a
fantastic feat.
You have
passed the test.
I wish he
were here today.
Transform these assertive sentences into
interrogative sentence.
She can run fast.
The child
does not sleep well.
He is a
chartered accountant.
The watchman
opened the gate.
Lesson-3
Transformation
form assertive into negative sentences
In
case of the verb ‘to be’ (is, am, are, was, were), the verb is followed by the
word ‘not’. Examples: Asif is acting in the school play. (affirmative sentece)
Asif is not acting in the school play. (negative sentence)
The
negative ‘not’ is used in case of the verb ‘have’, ‘has’ and ‘had’.
Examples: Ayesha has got the book. (affirmative sentece)
Rabia has not got the book. (negative sentence)
In
the case of auxiliary verbs, ‘not’ is used between the auxiliary and the main
verb. In case of more than one auxiliary verb, the ‘not’ is used after the
first auxiliary.
Examples:
Wahab is
swimming well. (affirmative sentence)
Wahab is not swimming well. (negative sentece)
They have been playing hockey. (affirmative sentence)
They have not been playing hockey. (negative sentence)
We
use an antonym of a noun or adjective in the sentence to make it negative. We
use ‘not’ sometimes if we use antonym. Example:
He is a
lucky man. (Assertive sentence)
He is an unlucky man. (negative sentence)
She made a quick exit. (assertive sentece)
She did not make a slow exit. (negative sentence)
Exercise
based on Lesson-3
Transform these sentences into negative sentences using ‘not’ on
appropriate place.
Asif is
always busy.
You are
planning to go.
They have
paid the money.
She will
have to buy new house.
My uncle
will be waiting for me.
Transform these affirmative sentences into
negative sentences. Use the antonym of the word in bold and make other necessary
changes.
It was an unwelcome development.
This is a temporary
solution.
He is an illiterate
person.
He seems to
be a foreigner.
This slice
of bread is stale.
The End
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