Conjunctions
Conjunctions are joining words. They join two or more words,
group of words, or sentences.
Example: Two and
two make four.
Her
work is slow but neat.
Kinds of Conjunctions
There are three kinds of conjunctions that join two
sentences.
1. Coordinating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join grammatical units
of the same type.
These are ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’, ‘nor’, ‘neither’, ‘for’,
‘yet’, ‘still’, ‘so’, etc.
Examples: She is sick yet
she is cheerful.
This is neither my pen nor
yours.
2. Correlative conjunctions
This include ‘both…and’, ‘not only…but also’, ‘either…or’,
‘neither…nor’, etc.
Examples: not onlyis
she smart but also clever.
When conjunctions are used as correlatives, each of the
correlated words should be placed immediately before the words to be connected.
Examples: He met not
only the prime minister, but also the
president.
3. Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions are those that introduce
subordinate clauses and join them to main clauses.
They are divided into different classes as given below.
1. Manner
These conjunctions introduce adverb clauses of manner with
‘as if’, ‘as though’, and ‘according to’.
Example: She looked as
if she had been working for hours.
2. Place
These conjunctions use adverb clauses of place with
‘whence’, ‘where’, and ‘wherever’.
Example: She is praised wherever
she goes.
3. Time
The conjunctions introduce adverb clauses of time like
‘when’, ‘after’, ‘since’, ‘till’, ‘until’, ‘while’, as soon as’, ‘before as’,
and ‘up to’.
Example: it has been a long time since I last saw you.
4. Reason
‘as’, because’, and ‘since’ introduce adverb clauses of
reason.
Examples: He was so upset with his brother that he could barely look at him.
5. Purpose
The adverb clause of purpose is introduced with these
conjunctions ‘that’, ‘in order to’, and ‘lest’.
Examples: We study that
we may gain knowledge.
6. Condition
Introduces adverb clauses of condition with ‘if’,
‘provided’, and ‘unless’.
Example: You cannot go home unless you complete your work.
7. Concession or Contrast
Adverb clauses of concession or contrast are introduced with
‘although’, ‘even if’, and ‘however’.
Example: Although she
betrayed me, I still have no hard feelings for her.
8. Comparison
The adverb clauses of comparison is introduced with the form
‘as…as’, as much as’, and, ‘no less than’.
Example: She is as tall
as her sister.
Exercise No.1
A join
each pair of the following sentences using a suitable conjunction.
1. This mango is ripe. It is not sweet.
2. He was tired. He continued to work.
3. You are tall. Your brother is taller.
4. You must start at once. You will be late.
5. I may go to Multan this holiday. I may go to murree.
6. Her work is slow. Her work is neat.
7. My mother is fine. Father is ill.
8. He was afraid of being late. He ran.
Fill in
the blanks with appropriate conjunctions.
Will you kindly wait__________ I return?
They left_______ we returned.
_______ somewhat annoying, he was quite an interesting
character.
Never start an argument, ______ you may think you are right.
I know more about this _______ you give me credit for.
Do _______ you are told.
You will not succeed _____ you work hard.
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